What methods did Spain use to maintain control over its American territories?

Spain employed a combination of military force and a structured bureaucratic administration to maintain control over its vast American territories. The military presence was essential in asserting dominance, protecting colonial interests, and quelling any revolts or resistance from indigenous populations or rival European powers. This military might acted as a deterrent against external threats and internal unrest.

In conjunction with military power, Spain established a bureaucratic system that included viceroys, governors, and various administrative officers to manage its colonies effectively. This structured governance allowed Spain to enforce its laws, collect taxes, and oversee the implementation of colonial policies. The centralized administration helped to integrate the colonies economically and politically into the Spanish Empire, ensuring loyalty and compliance.

The combination of these two methods—military force and bureaucratic administration—was critical in maintaining Spain's grip on its territories and facilitating its imperial objectives in the New World.